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Restoration
The Restoration of the monarchy began in 1660 when the English,
Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II
after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
The term Restoration may apply both to the actual event by which the
monarchy was restored, and to the period immediately following the
event.
The Protectorate, which followed the Commonwealth and preceded the
English Restoration, might have continued if Oliver Cromwell's son
Richard, who was made Lord Protector on his father's death, had been
capable of carrying on his father's policies. Richard Cromwell's
main weakness was that he did not have the confidence of the army.
After seven months an army faction known as the Wallingford House
party removed him on 6 May 1659 and reinstalled the Rump Parliament.
Charles Fleetwood was appointed a member of the Committee of Safety
and of the Council of State, and one of the seven commissioners for
the army. On 9 June 1659 he was nominated lord-general
(commander-in-chief) of the army. However, his leadership was
undermined in Parliament, which chose to disregard the army's
authority in a similar fashion to the post-First Civil War
Parliament. A royalist uprising was planned for 1 August 1659 but it
was foiled.However, Sir George Booth gained control of Cheshire;
Charles II hoped that with Spanish support he could effect a
landing, but none was forthcoming.
